Because of the lack of cases (in our review) in many of the subgroups, we present this segment in a summarized fashion.

These are fractures of the proximal segment of the ulna, of the radius or both. They represent the 4.05% of the total amount of fractures reviewed, all of them having been surgically treated.

The indication of surgical treatment is generally accepted even for the non articular fractures. It can be very complex in associated fractures of both bones, since the goal is early function and this requires anatomic reduction and motion-stable (not load-stable) internal fixation.

For the olecranon fractures, the classic procedure is based on the tension band principle and performed with wire assembled over Kirschner wires. This principle must not be forgotten when plates are used. The olecranon fragments suffer enormous traction and bending forces during elbow function.

For many decades, the radial head fractures have been treated by the expeditious simple excision. In recent years, however, the beneficial effects of its reconstruction on the stability of the elbow has become clear. The availability of instrumentation and implants for small fragments has saved many radial heads.

In high-energy injuries, there are frequently associated diaphyseal fractures. In such cases, the surgical procedure must be considered as a whole and the solution planned preoperatively, requiring a skilled combination of techniques and resources for long bones and for cancellous segments.